Final answer:
Testicular cancer is associated with both β-hCG and AFP. Elevated levels of these markers are used in the diagnosis and monitoring treatment response and recurrence in testicular cancer patients. The correct answer is association with both β-hCG and AFP.
Step-by-step explanation:
The association of testicular cancer with β-hCG (beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) and AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) is that testicular cancer is associated with both of these markers. Tissue-specific markers like β-hCG and AFP can have elevated levels that point to specific tissues being affected by cancer. While elevated levels of these substances cannot conclusively prove the presence of a tumor, they are significant indicators used in the diagnosis and monitoring of testicular cancer. AFP is particularly associated with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors, which are a type of testicular cancer, and elevated levels may suggest relapse after treatment. Elevated levels of β-hCG can indicate the presence of certain types of testicular cancers, including some seminomas and non-seminomas, and levels are often monitored during and after treatment to gauge the effectiveness of therapy and detect recurrences. Thus, the correct answer to the question is 4) Association with both β-hCG and AFP.