Final answer:
Multiple and complex fractures involving non-LeFort segments of the face are described based on their anatomical location and fracture pattern. Such fractures are categorized by detailed descriptions, since they do not fit the LeFort classification system. Healing of these fractures follows a physiological process involving hematoma formation, callus formation, and bone remodeling.
Step-by-step explanation:
Multiple and complex fractures involving different segments of the face that are not classified as LeFort fractures are often referred to using descriptive terms based on their anatomical location and the pattern of the fracture lines. Unlike the LeFort classification, which is specifically used for midface fractures and is categorized into three types (LeFort I, II, and III), fractures that do not fit this system require a detailed description. For example, if a fracture involves the middle and lower or upper and middle, or all three locations of the face, a clinician would describe the location and pattern of the break in detail, rather than assigning it a LeFort classification. This description might include terms related to common types of fractures such as transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted, impacted, or greenstick, depending on the break's characteristics.
It is essential to understand the complexity and variety of facial fractures as they may require different approaches for repair, either by closed reduction (manipulation and setting the bone without surgery) or open reduction (surgical exposure and resetting of the bone). Healing of fractures typically involves the formation of a hematoma, followed by callus formation, resorption of dead bone by osteoclasts, and new bone creation by osteoblasts. Eventually, the callus unites, remodeling occurs, and healing is complete.