Final answer:
Rule-based intrusion detection systems are used to identify and prevent network attacks. Signature-based detection is the most relevant method to detect and prevent a Smurf attack. So the correct answer is option C.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rule-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) are used to identify and prevent various types of network attacks, such as the Smurf attack. The Smurf attack is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack where the attacker sends ICMP echo requests (pings) to a network's broadcast address, causing all devices on the network to respond simultaneously, and overwhelming the network's resources.
Out of the given options, signature-based detection is the most relevant to rule-based intrusion detection of a Smurf attack. Signature-based detection involves comparing network traffic patterns and data against known attack signatures or patterns to identify and mitigate attacks.
In the case of a Smurf attack, the intrusion detection system would match the network traffic characteristics to the known Smurf attack signature or pattern to detect and prevent the attack. It's important to note that while network encryption, firewall settings, and password strength are essential for overall network security, they do not directly address the specific detection and prevention of a Smurf attack in a rule-based IDS.