Final answer:
The surgical treatment methods for distal radius fractures include open reduction and internal fixation, external fixation, and closed reduction and casting.
Step-by-step explanation:
The surgical treatment methods for distal radius fractures include:
- Open reduction and internal fixation: This procedure involves surgically exposing the fracture and using screws, plates, or rods to fix the broken bone in proper alignment.
- External fixation: In this method, a metal frame is attached to the bone using pins or screws placed outside the body to stabilize the fracture.
- Closed reduction and casting: This technique involves manually manipulating the broken bone into proper alignment without surgery and then immobilizing it with a cast or splint.
Therefore, the correct answer is 4) All of the above as all the mentioned methods can be used as surgical treatment options for distal radius fractures.