Final answer:
The Italian dynamic marking 'sforzando' means all of the above; a sudden, strong, and forced accent. The correct answer is option 4).
Step-by-step explanation:
The Italian dynamic marking sforzando is used in music to indicate a type of accent. It instructs the musician to play the note with a sudden, strong, and forced emphasis. Thus, the correct answer to the question 'What does the Italian dynamic marking 'Sforzando' mean?' is 4) All of the above. It combines elements of suddenness, strength, and a forced nature in the execution of the note or chord. Sforzando is often denoted by the letters sfz or sfp, and is a direction for intensity rather than a specific dynamic level such as forte or piano.