Final answer:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes spasms and constriction of the air passageways. It is triggered by various factors and can be controlled with medication and avoidance of triggers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which the smooth muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles spasm and constrict the air passageways. This inflammation causes swelling and narrowing of the airways, making it difficult for air to enter and exit the lungs. Excessive mucus production also contributes to airway obstruction.
Various factors such as allergies, cold air, warm air, exercise, or stress can trigger asthma attacks. Medication and avoiding environmental triggers can help control asthma and allow individuals to lead active lives.