Final answer:
The surgical puncture of the thin membrane that surrounds the fetus is called amniocentesis. The correct answer to this question is 2) amniocentesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Amniocentesis is a medical procedure in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is extracted from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus. This fluid contains cells and other substances that can provide important information about the health and development of the fetus, such as genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and neural tube defects.
Amniocentesis is typically performed during the second trimester of pregnancy and is often recommended for pregnant women who are at high risk for certain conditions or have abnormal results from prenatal screenings. Hence, 2 is the correct option.