Final answer:
NALS, which stands for Neonatal Advanced Life Support, includes guidelines for chest compression ratio and epinephrine dosing to aid in the resuscitation of newborns during emergencies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two topics mentioned, chest compression ratio and epinephrine dosing, are covered in NALS, which stands for Neonatal Advanced Life Support. NALS encompasses guidelines and practices for healthcare professionals to provide life-saving care to newborns who are experiencing a cardiopulmonary emergency. The chest compression ratio in NALS refers to the number of compressions to breaths given to a neonate during resuscitation, typically at a ratio of 3:1, meaning three chest compressions followed by one breath. Meanwhile, epinephrine dosing in NALS relates to the administration of the medication epinephrine, often used during resuscitation to improve heart rate and blood pressure, with dosing adjusted for the newborn's weight and the specific circumstances of the emergency.