Final answer:
Perioperative opioid-induced respiratory depression can occur during or after a surgical procedure and is characterized by suppressed breathing. Risk factors include high doses or prolonged use of opioids, co-administration of other respiratory depressants, pre-existing respiratory conditions, and advanced age.
Step-by-step explanation:
Perioperative opioid-induced respiratory depression refers to the suppression of breathing that can occur during or after a surgical procedure due to the administration of opioids to manage pain. There are several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of this complication:
- High doses or prolonged use of opioids: Using high doses of opioids or taking them for an extended period of time can increase the risk of respiratory depression.
- Co-administration of other respiratory depressants: Combining opioids with other medications that depress the central nervous system, such as benzodiazepines, can further suppress breathing.
- Pre-existing respiratory conditions: Individuals with conditions like sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma may be at a higher risk of developing respiratory depression.
- Advanced age: Older adults may be more susceptible to opioid-induced respiratory depression due to age-related changes in lung function and metabolism.
It is important for healthcare providers to carefully monitor patients receiving opioids during the perioperative period and take appropriate precautions to prevent respiratory depression.