Final answer:
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction decreases shunt on OLV during One-Lung Ventilation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is the body's response to low oxygen levels in the lungs. When the alveoli in a specific area of the lung are not receiving enough oxygen, the blood vessels in that area constrict to redirect blood flow to areas with higher oxygen levels. This helps maximize gas exchange and maintain adequate oxygenation. So, the effect of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is decreasing shunt on OLV (One-Lung Ventilation).