Final answer:
The mediators of peripheral sensitization at a surgical site include histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, which cause vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and pain, amplifying the inflammatory response.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mediators of peripheral (surgical site) sensitization following tissue injury include a variety of inflammatory signals and cells. Upon tissue injury, injured cells release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. Histamine is responsible for vasodilation and increased blood vessel permeability, leading to edema and redness. Prostaglandins contribute to pain and are the target of NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen, which relieve pain by inhibiting prostaglandin production. Leukotrienes attract neutrophils to the site of inflammation and enhance vascular permeability. Together, these mediators facilitate the recruitment of immune cells to the injured area, intensifying the inflammatory response and contributing to the sensations of pain and swelling.