Final answer:
Perioperative ocular injury risk factors include advanced age, which can lead to glaucoma, diseases such as Graves's disease, and exposure to high-intensity UVB light. Excessive intraocular pressures, as well as infections present at birth like chlamydia or gonorrhea, are also significant concerns for ocular health.
Step-by-step explanation:
The risk factors for perioperative ocular injury include a variety of conditions and scenarios. Advanced age, specifically individuals over 40 years old, is a major risk factor as it increases the risk of developing glaucoma, which in turn should prompt routine testing of intraocular pressure. Accurate measurements of this pressure are crucial as excessive intraocular pressures signify a higher risk of injury to the eye. For example, a mass of 680 g exerting force on the eye, much higher than the normal force exerted by about 120 g, could cause damage. Conditions such as Graves' disease may contribute to proptosis and lid retraction, increasing the risk of injury. Furthermore, exposure to high-intensity UVB light or infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea present at birth can also lead to ocular damage if not properly managed. It is critical for the surgical team, including the surgeon, nurse, and anesthesia professional, to be aware of these risks in the perioperative period to ensure proper care and prevention of ocular injuries.