Final answer:
The alignment of the x-ray beam with the teeth and the film sensor in dentistry is called central ray alignment. This process utilizes an X-ray tube where electrons produce X-rays upon hitting a metallic target and is done with precautions to minimize radiation exposure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The alignment of the x-ray beam in the horizontal and vertical planes formed by the long axis of the teeth and the film sensor placement is referred to as the central ray alignment. Dentists use X-ray technology to produce images of a patient's teeth and bones to diagnose issues that aren't visible during a regular dental exam. X-rays are generated in an X-ray tube, where electrons are accelerated from an electron source to a metallic target by an electric field. When the electrons collide with the target, X-rays are produced. In a dental office, a typical X-ray machine produces relatively low-energy radiation to minimize patient exposure, with safety measures such as lead aprons and shielding to protect against unnecessary radiation.