Final answer:
Vertical slip forms in construction engineering require specific safety and structural considerations. Options provided include bracing for rods and pipes, adherence to the safe rate of lift, inclusion of safety features in lifting devices, and provision of scaffolds for worker safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question about the requirements for vertical slip forms pertains to the construction practices in Engineering, specifically how structures support and transfer loads. It requires knowledge of material properties and design principles to ensure safety and functionality. Among the options provided:
- Rods or pipes must be braced when not encased in concrete to maintain structural integrity.
- The safe rate of lift should not be exceeded to avoid compromising the structure's stability.
- Lifting devices are crucial for handling materials and should have safety mechanisms like mechanical dogs.
- Scaffolds or work platforms are necessary to provide a secure work area for employees during construction.
Applying fundamental engineering principles, solutions to stresses such as thermal stress and compression loads are addressed using appropriate materials and design, such as the use of steel in concrete to account for similar coefficients of expansion and to improve shear resistance, respectively. In cases like bridges and arches, the choice of materials and understanding of the forces at play (compressive stresses, tensile stresses) inform the engineering designs. Taking the example of a 2.0-m-long steel rod that supports a 550-kg platform, we can calculate the tensile stress and the elongation due to this load to ensure that the structure will perform as needed.