Final answer:
The celiac plexus, part of the sympathetic nervous system, is located anterior to the vertebral column and is innervated by the splanchnic nerves. It controls organs in the abdominal cavity, including the stomach and liver. Side effects from interventions on the celiac plexus can include hypotension and diarrhea.
Step-by-step explanation:
Location and Innervation of the Celiac Plexus
The celiac plexus is located in the upper abdomen, situated anterior to the vertebral column and around the celiac artery. It is a major part of the sympathetic nervous system and is involved in the innervation of the abdominal organs. This plexus receives inputs from the splanchnic nerves, which carry fibers from the sympathetic neurons. The celiac plexus, along with the superior mesenteric ganglion and inferior mesenteric ganglion, comprises the collateral or prevertebral ganglia, which play a crucial role in controlling organs within the abdominal cavity and are affiliated with the enteric nervous system.
The celiac plexus is primarily responsible for providing sympathetic innervation to organs such as the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, and the proximal half of the duodenum. Given its extensive reach, interference with the function of the celiac plexus, can result in various indications related to these organs.
Side Effects
Any intervention on the celiac plexus, such as a nerve block, may have side effects including hypotension, diarrhea, and, in some cases, accidental damage to surrounding structures leading to complications such as pneumothorax or retroperitoneal hematoma.