Final answer:
Uterotonics such as Carboprost and Methylergonovine are used to treat uterine atony. Carboprost can lead to fever and vomiting and is not suitable for patients with pulmonary or hepatic disease. Methylergonovine can induce hypertension and headaches, and should be avoided by patients with cardiovascular issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Uterotonics for the Treatment of Uterine Atony
Uterotonics are medications used to treat uterine atony, a condition where the uterus fails to contract after childbirth, leading to postpartum hemorrhage. Two uterotonics commonly used are Carboprost (Hemabate PGF2α) and Methylergonovine (Methergine).
1) Carboprost (Hemabate PGF2α)
Carboprost is a synthetic prostaglandin that helps contract the uterus. Side effects include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. Contraindications involve conditions such as active pulmonary, renal, or hepatic disease. This drug is often avoided in patients with asthma due to its bronchoconstrictive potential.
2) Methylergonovine (Methergine)
Methylergonovine is a semi-synthetic ergot alkaloid that induces uterine contractions. Its side effects may encompass hypertension, headache, and nausea. It is contraindicated in patients with significant cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, and should not be used in patients with hypocalcemia.