Final answer:
Refeeding syndrome is a potential complication that can occur after starting TPN. The risk factors that predict the possibility of refeeding syndrome include prolonged period of malnutrition, rapid weight loss, and low pre-albumin levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Refeeding syndrome is a potential complication that can occur after starting Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), which is a way of providing nutrition to patients through intravenous infusion. It is characterized by electrolyte imbalances, especially low levels of phosphate, potassium, and magnesium. The risk factors that predict the possibility of refeeding syndrome include:
- Prolonged period of malnutrition: When a patient has been malnourished for an extended period, the body's metabolic processes adjust to conserve energy and nutrients. Starting TPN can cause a sudden increase in nutrient intake, which the body may not be prepared for.
- Rapid weight loss: If a patient has experienced rapid weight loss, their body has likely been in a state of prolonged malnutrition, making them more susceptible to refeeding syndrome.
- Low pre-albumin levels: Pre-albumin is a protein that reflects recent dietary intake. Low levels of pre-albumin indicate malnutrition, which increases the risk of refeeding syndrome.