Final answer:
Elective surgeries in premature infants should be delayed until the infant is adequately mature and stabilized, especially in the presence of apnea/bradycardia episodes. Risk factors for post-op apnea include chronic lung disease and previous RDS. Post-op treatment may require supplemental oxygen and monitoring, with potential reintubation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Elective Surgery Recommendations in Premature Infants
Elective surgeries on premature infants should be planned and performed with heightened scrutiny. A multidisciplinary team, including a surgeon, nurse, and anesthesia professional, will assess the unique risks associated with prematurity, including respiratory insufficiency, and ensure the infant's stability prior to any operations. It is recommended to delay elective surgeries until the infant has reached a level of maturity where the risks are minimized.
Management of Apnea/Bradycardia
If a premature infant experiences episodes of apnea or bradycardia, it is vital to stabilize these conditions before considering elective surgery. Continuous monitoring of heart and respiratory rates is crucial, and the administration of caffeine may be useful to reduce apnea episodes.
Risk Factors for Post-op Apnea
Risk factors for postoperative apnea in premature infants include chronic lung disease, anemia, ongoing episodes of apnea/bradycardia, prior premature birth, and a history of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Post-operative Treatment
Treatment for post-op apnea may include supplemental oxygen, continuous monitoring, and possibly reintubation and mechanical ventilatory support if breathing becomes critically hampered.