Final answer:
Neuromuscular blockers in the elderly inhibit the release of acetylcholine, leading to muscle relaxation and reduced muscle activity. These effects can impact motor control and fine movements, contributing to conditions like myasthenia gravis or medication side effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neuromuscular blockers, such as d-tubocurarine and botulinum toxin, have effects on the elderly by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction. This inhibition leads to muscle relaxation, paralysis, and reduced muscle activity.
For example, d-tubocurarine competitively blocks the action of acetylcholine, causing muscle relaxation and paralysis. On the other hand, botulinum toxin binds irreversibly to presynaptic membranes in neuromuscular junctions, preventing the release of acetylcholine and resulting in muscle relaxation.
These effects can be particularly significant in the elderly, as they may contribute to the loss of fine movements and motor control observed in conditions like myasthenia gravis or as side effects of certain medications.