Final answer:
Dexmedetomidine is a sedative that works through α₂-adrenergic receptor agonism, leading to reduced sympathetic activity. It affects the CNS by providing sedation and anxiolysis, causes a biphasic cardiovascular response, and can depress respiration though less so than other sedatives.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pharmacodynamics of Dexmedetomidine
Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily in sedation. Its mechanism of action involves binding to these receptors, leading to inhibition of norepinephrine release, which in turn reduces sympathetic activity. CNS effects include sedation, anxiolysis, and a decrease in sympathetic outflow.
Regarding cardiovascular impacts, dexmedetomidine has a biphasic effect: it may cause a transient increase in blood pressure due to peripheral vasoconstriction followed by a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate upon continued administration. The respiratory system is less affected than with other sedatives, but care must be taken as it can cause respiratory depression.