Final answer:
The arms, shoulders, chest, neck, and upper back are covered and supported by the pectoral girdle and associated muscles, specifically the clavicles and scapulas. These structures work in concert with the muscles of the neck and back to facilitate movement and provide stability. The subclavian artery supplies blood to these areas.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Pectoral Girdle and Associated Structures
The arms, shoulders, chest, neck, and upper back are covered and supported by a combination of bones and muscles that form part of the pectoral girdle and associated musculature. The pectoral girdle provides the points of attachment for the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. It comprises of clavicles (collarbones) at the front, and scapulas (shoulder blades) at the back. These bones transfer the force generated by muscles acting on the upper limb to the thorax.
The muscles of the neck and back, which are large and complex, facilitate the movement of the head, shoulders, and vertebral column. They serve important roles in stabilizing and positioning the pectoral girdle as well as in the movement of the arm, forearm, wrists, hands, and fingers.
Additionally, the subclavian artery is responsible for supplying blood to this region, including the thyroid, cervical region, upper back, and shoulder. The scapula, another vital part of the pectoral girdle, is anchored to the body and assists in the overall movement and functionality of the upper limbs.