Final answer:
The pulmonary response to increased CO or increased pulmonary pressures involves capillary dilation, bronchiole dilation, and an increase in the partial pressure of oxygen in the affected alveolus. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is the narrowing of pulmonary blood vessels in response to low oxygen levels in the alveoli.
Step-by-step explanation:
When there is an increase in carbon monoxide (CO) or increased pulmonary pressures, the pulmonary response includes a dilation of the capillary and bronchioles, as well as an increase in the partial pressure of oxygen in the affected alveolus.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing or constriction of the pulmonary blood vessels in response to low oxygen levels in the alveoli. This response helps redirect blood flow to areas of the lung that have higher oxygen levels, optimizing gas exchange.