Final answer:
The major injury risks of the lithotomy position are nerve damage, vascular injury, and pressure ulcers. The position can also cause physiologic changes in the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major injury risks of the lithotomy position include nerve damage, vascular injury, and pressure ulcers. Nerve damage can occur due to compression or stretching of the nerves in the legs, leading to temporary or permanent paralysis. Vascular injury can occur due to compression of blood vessels, which may result in decreased blood flow and tissue damage. Pressure ulcers can also develop due to prolonged pressure on certain areas of the body.
In addition to the injury risks, the lithotomy position can also cause physiologic changes in the body. It can lead to a decrease in blood pressure, increased heart rate, and changes in respiratory function. The position can also impair venous return and increase the risk of blood clots.