Final answer:
Patient-specific baseline testing involves evaluating the potential for blood loss, ESRD, DM, and active cardiac conditions. Factors like blood pressure, osmolarity of IV fluids, and renal function are also significant. Isotonic solutions are used for IV drugs to prevent hemolysis, and frequent hemodialysis replaces kidney filtration functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering patient-specific baseline testing, several factors may be evaluated to establish a foundation for personalized medical care. Among these factors:
- Potential for blood loss may be assessed to anticipate and manage intraoperative or procedural risks.
- End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a critical factor since it affects medication dosing, contrast use, and the overall management of the patient.
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is also a significant concern due to its impact on wound healing, infection rates, and potential for complications.
- Active cardiac conditions need to be evaluated to prevent perioperative cardiac events and ensure proper management during any procedure.
Injection of contrast dye is a specific procedure-related factor but may not be part of baseline testing unless a patient's renal function or potential allergic reactions need to be assessed. Factors such as a patient's blood pressure, osmolarity of intravenous fluids, and renal function, including creatinine levels, are also crucial in the overall assessment to prevent complications such as hemolysis or altered drug efficacy and toxicity.
Examples:
- The use of isotonic solutions is essential to prevent red blood cell hemolysis when delivering drugs intravenously.
- Frequent hemodialysis is necessary for patients with ESRD to perform the kidneys' filtration functions.
- Understanding the clearance rate and excretion of substances helps assess kidney function, as with dye excretion tests.