Final answer:
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is calculated by adding the diastolic blood pressure to one-third of the pulse pressure, which is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures. A normal MAP ranges from 70-110 mm Hg, and values below 60 mm Hg can cause ischemia and hypoxia, affecting tissue oxygenation and neuron survival.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mean Arterial PressureThe MAP formula is used to calculate the mean arterial pressure, which is an average pressure of blood in the arteries during one cardiac cycle. It's an important measure in understanding how well the blood is perfusing through the body's organs and tissues. The standard formula to approximate the MAP is:
MAP = Diastolic Blood Pressure + (Systolic Blood Pressure - Diastolic Blood Pressure) / 3
For example, as depicted in Figure 20.10, if the diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg and the systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg, the MAP can be calculated as follows:
MAP ≈ 80 + (120 - 80) / 3 = 93.33 mm Hg
The normal range of MAP is typically between 70-110 mm Hg. A MAP below 60 mm Hg for an extended period can lead to ischemia and hypoxia, as it may not be sufficient to ensure blood circulation through the tissues.
It is also important to note that neurons are very sensitive to hypoxia and can be damaged or die if the blood flow and oxygen supply are not restored promptly.