Final answer:
Calcium levels in the blood are closely regulated and linked to cancer through calcium homeostasis, with hypercalcemia being associated with various health issues. Cancer cells can disrupt the balance of calcium, affecting bodily functions like muscle contraction and nerve functioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between Ca2+ levels and cancer involves the delicate balance of calcium homeostasis within the body and how disruptions can affect cellular processes. Abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood, known as hypercalcemia, can result in various health issues, including an increase in lethargy, sluggish reflexes, and constipation, and at severe levels, confusion, and coma. On the molecular level, cancer cells exhibit altered metabolism and can affect electrolyte balances, including those of calcium. This disruption can be significant, as calcium plays critical roles in blood coagulation, muscle contraction, nerve functioning, and bone strength. Moreover, a reciprocal relationship between calcium and phosphate ions in the plasma means that a marked increase in serum phosphate can cause a decrease in serum calcium concentration, which may also be relevant to cancer progression and treatment.