Final answer:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart condition that is characterized by four anomalies: pulmonary infundibular stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and right ventricular hypertrophy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart condition that is characterized by four anomalies:
- Pulmonary infundibular stenosis: This is the narrowing or rigidity of the pulmonary valve, which obstructs blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
- Overriding aorta: The aorta, which normally carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body, is shifted above both ventricles, rather than just above the left ventricle.
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD): There is an opening in the interventricular septum, which allows blood flow between the left and right ventricles.
- Right ventricular hypertrophy: The right ventricle becomes enlarged due to the increased workload caused by the other three anomalies.
These four anomalies together contribute to the characteristic symptoms and complications of Tetralogy of Fallot.