Final answer:
In the event of unexpected blood loss during surgery, the ST should request additional blood transfusion supplies, preferably of the universal donor type O negative if the patient's blood type is unknown, to prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions. Blood type AB positive is indicated by agglutination in both anti-A and anti-B antibody tests, and hemovigilance systems are crucial to avoid HTRs.
Step-by-step explanation:
If unexpected blood loss occurs during a surgical procedure, the Surgical Technologist (ST) should request additional blood transfusion supplies. In emergency situations, such as a motor vehicle accident, when a patient's blood type is unknown and there is no time for testing, Type O negative blood is transfused because it is considered the universal donor and is less likely to cause an adverse reaction. The suitability of a blood transfusion depends on the ABO blood group system, and it is essential the blood type matches to prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR). When there is visible agglutination after adding anti-A and anti-B antibodies to a patient's blood sample, the blood type indicated is AB positive, which is a normal response in this situation. This underscores the importance of the availability of typed blood for transfusions and hemovigilance systems in preventing HTRs caused by clerical errors.
In preparation for surgery, healthcare teams often review anticipated critical events, which include the potential for anticipated blood loss. This means that the surgical team, including anesthesia and nursing staff, should be aware of the possibility and ready to respond efficiently with the correct blood products and necessary equipment. By following these procedures, the risk of adverse outcomes associated with blood transfusions can be minimized.