Final answer:
Presidents Arthur, Cleveland, and Wilson acknowledged that high tariffs burdened average Americans and favored big businesses. Arthur's Mongrel Tariff slightly lowered rates, while Wilson's Underwood Tariff made a significant cut as part of his New Freedom agenda.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing tariff laws and their historical impacts, it's important to consider multiple U.S. Presidents' stances and actions. President Arthur acknowledged the burden that high tariffs could place on average Americans and created the U.S. Tariff Commission in 1882, which advised a 25 percent rollback in tariffs. However, Arthur could only implement a marginal decrease with the Mongrel Tariff of 1883, which lowered the rates by nearly 5 percent. President Cleveland also recognized that high tariffs favored large industries at the expense of consumers and supported tariff reform. Finally, President Wilson took major action by successfully passing the Underwood Tariff, which reduced tariffs by approximately 10 percent, marking a substantial decrease in rates since before the Civil War. This initiative was part of his New Freedom plan that aimed to regulate businesses and encourage international trade.