Final answer:
Blood samples for measuring lead levels are collected in royal blue top tubes with EDTA, while a galvanic cell with standard oxygen electrodes and acetic acid is used for determining Pb²⁺ concentration in groundwater.
Step-by-step explanation:
When drawing blood for testing lead (Pb) levels, the samples are typically collected in tubes containing an anticoagulant, such as EDTA. Particularly, royal blue top tubes with EDTA are used for lead level determination to avoid contamination by metals that may be present in other collection tubes. For the analysis of Pb²⁺ in groundwater via electrochemical methods, a galvanic cell is constructed with a standard oxygen electrode and a strip of lead in the groundwater sample. Sufficient acetic acid is added to ensure electrical conductivity. Measured cell potentials and provided reduction potentials are used to determine the concentration of lead ions in the groundwater sample.
Examples of Practices to Measure Lead Concentrations
- Blood sample collection in royal blue top tubes.
- Using galvanic cells with standard oxygen electrodes for groundwater testing.
- Acetic acid to facilitate electrical conductivity in electrochemical measurements.