Final answer:
The type of law being referred to that prohibits harmful actions like fraud and imposes fines or imprisonment is criminal law, which is distinct from civil law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of law being referred to in the statement is criminal law. This law defines conduct that is prohibited because it could harm or endanger others, such as fraud, theft, or securities trading violations. Criminal law also establishes punishments, which may include fines or imprisonment for those who break the law. For example, a person may be brought to trial for a crime, with the government charging the individual, as seen in the case of Miranda v. Arizona. In contrast to civil law, which deals with harm or injury between private parties, criminal law involves the government seeking to enforce the laws and protect public welfare.