Final answer:
Litigation in international disputes typically takes place in judicial bodies such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for state disputes or the International Criminal Court (ICC) for individual criminal actions. These courts, along with other international organizations' legal systems, manage and adjudicate disputes to uphold international law.
Step-by-step explanation:
Where litigation in international disputes should occur is determined by several international judicial bodies, of which two prominent courts are the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICJ deals primarily with disputes between states and is also known as the World Court. Headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands, it was established in 1945 as the principal judicial branch of the United Nations to resolve disputes between states. The ICJ's jurisdiction encompasses interstate disputes, boundary and resource disputes, and it provides advisory opinions to UN bodies.
On the other hand, the ICC has the mandate to adjudicate over individual criminal behavior that includes war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity. Besides these courts, international organizations such as the European Union and the World Trade Organization have legal systems to handle disputes between member states.
The types of cases that come before the ICJ include disputes involving state boundaries, resource allocations, and other matters concerning countries. These cases are separate from issues of individual criminal behavior, which are handled by the ICC. Collectively, these courts and organizations underpin the international legal framework supporting global governance, though their ability to enforce decisions is sometimes challenged by the absence of a global executive authority and the sovereignty concerns of individual states.