Question

Your patient has been intubated. IV/IO access is not available. Which combination of drugs can be administered by the ET tube route?

1) Epinephrine and atropine
2) Lidocaine and dopamine
3) Naloxone and fentanyl
4) Midazolam and ketamine

Answer 1

Among the given drug combinations, epinephrine and atropine can be administered through the ET tube route, as both drugs are part of the 'NAVEL' mnemonic for drugs deliverable via this route.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question revolves around the administration of drugs through the endotracheal (ET) tube route when IV/IO access is not available. In emergency situations, when intravenous or intraosseous access cannot be established, certain medications can be given via the ET tube. Out of the options provided, epinephrine and atropine can be administered through the ET tube route. The mnemonic "NAVEL" (Naloxone, Atropine, Vasopressin, Epinephrine, Lidocaine) can help remember the drugs that can be given via this route. It's important to note that specific guidelines recommend increased doses when administering medications through the ET tube, as absorption may be less reliable than with intravenous administration.