Final answer:
The process is known as a rehearing, or more specifically, an en banc rehearing in the context of U.S. courts of appeals, where all judges in the circuit may review the case again.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process when all judges from an appeals circuit, or a large number of them, hear a case again to reconsider a decision is known as a rehearing. Specifically, in the U.S. courts of appeals, this is called an en banc rehearing. This occurs after a panel of judges has made a decision, and a party files a petition for a rehearing en banc, requesting that all of the judges in the circuit review the case. It is less common than appeals heard by smaller panels, and it tends to occur when there are especially important legal issues at stake or when the existing decision may conflict with precedent or decisions from other circuits. The U.S. Supreme Court, on the other hand, has the authority for judicial review when it hears cases on appeal, which differs from the en banc process of the appeals courts.