Final answer:
A dissenting opinion is written by a judge who disagrees with the majority, offering a separate viewpoint and rationale which may influence future cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
A separate opinion written by a judge who does not agree with the majority of the judges is known as a dissenting opinion. This type of opinion is distinct from the majority opinion, which is the Court's official decision agreed upon by a majority of the justices. The individual who is in the minority has the opportunity to express their disagreement and rationale in a dissenting opinion, which can influence future legal arguments and decisions. A concurring opinion is written by a justice who agrees with the outcome of the case but has different reasons for their agreement compared to the majority opinion. Each of these opinions plays a crucial role in the judicial decision-making process.