Final answer:
Root planing is the procedure that smooths the surface of a root by removing abnormal tooth tissue that is rough, contaminated, or permeated with calculus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The procedure that smooths the surface of a root by removing abnormal tooth tissue that is rough, contaminated, or permeated with calculus is called root planing. Root planing is a deep cleaning procedure that is typically performed by a dentist or dental hygienist. During root planing, the dentist or hygienist uses special tools to remove plaque, tartar, and diseased tissue from the root surfaces of the teeth, promoting gum health and preventing further damage to the teeth and surrounding tissues.