Final answer:
The four basic types of Third Parties are Political Parties, Interest Groups, Independent Candidates, and Lobbyists. These are distinct from corporations, which do not constitute a separate 'party' but rather can be influential through funding and lobbying.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the four basic types of Third Parties in U.S. politics, it is crucial to understand that third parties explicitly refer to political parties that are not one of the two major parties (Democrats and Republicans). These include parties like the Libertarian, Reform, Green, and Constitution parties. Interest groups, while active in the political realm, are a different entity focused on influencing policy and do not run candidates for office. Consequently, option 2 from the choices given, which includes corporations, does not fit the pattern of the others, as corporations are also not parties. Independent candidates are individuals running for office not affiliated with any established party, and lobbyists work to influence legislation on behalf of various interests but are neither parties nor candidates.