Final answer:
The main goals of urinalysis include detecting health conditions, screening for disorders like kidney problems and diabetes, and monitoring the levels of various substances in urine. Urinalysis is conducted using physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations, with tests like urine test strips and Benedict's test.
Step-by-step explanation:
Objectives of Bio-Chemical Testing (Urinalysis)
The main objectives of bio-chemical testing, also known as urinalysis, include the analysis and detection of various substances and cells in urine that may indicate health conditions or diseases. A routine urinalysis involves physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine to screen for disorders such as kidney problems, urinary tract infections, diabetes mellitus, and other systemic diseases.
Simple urine test strips can detect abnormal levels of nitrites, proteins like albumin, and electrolytes such as sodium. They can also identify the presence of white blood cells and blood, all indicative of potential health issues. The Benedict's test specifically measures glucose levels, helping to monitor and diagnose diabetes. Some tests may require a 24-hour urine collection for assessing substances like cortisol, magnesium, uric acid, calcium, and others, providing a comprehensive metabolic profile.
Microscopically, the urine can be examined for the presence of red and white blood cells, bacteria, and other elements like casts and crystals, which may suggest various renal and urinary tract conditions. Hence, urinalysis is a fundamental diagnostic tool used in healthcare to detect and manage a wide array of diseases.