Final answer:
The procedure to drain fluid from the brain's ventricles to the abdominal cavity using a shunt is called a 2) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Step-by-step explanation:
The procedure described in the question, where fluid is drained from the brain ventricles via a shunt, catheter, or valve leading to the abdominal cavity, is known as a Ventriculoperitoneal shunt. This surgical procedure is utilized primarily to treat conditions like hydrocephalus, where there is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain. The Ventriculoperitoneal shunt involves inserting a catheter into the brain's ventricles and connecting it to a one-way valve that directs the excess CSF to the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen, where it can be reabsorbed by the bloodstream.
Choosing the correct type of shunt involves understanding the ventricular system of the brain and the path that CSF takes within it. The Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is designed to address the imbalance between the production and absorption of CSF, a critical aspect of treating hydrocephalus effectively. Implantation of this type of shunt can significantly improve the patient's quality of life, although it comes with its own risks, such as potential for mechanical problems or infections, as well as the need to carefully monitor the rate of CSF drainage to prevent overdraining or underdraining. The answer is option 2.