Final answer:
A lumbar puncture is a medical procedure used to aspirate cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar subarachnoid space. It is performed in the lower lumbar area of the vertebral column because it is a safe location that avoids the risk of damaging the central tissue of the spinal cord.
Step-by-step explanation:
A lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, is a medical procedure used to aspirate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lumbar subarachnoid space. This procedure involves inserting a needle between two vertebrae in the lower lumbar region of the vertebral column. The lumbar area is chosen for the procedure because the spinal cord does not extend through this region, allowing for the safe withdrawal of CSF without the risk of damaging the central tissue of the spinal cord.