Final answer:
The correct answer is Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder marked by symptoms such as tremors, movement difficulties, and speech and swallowing issues, caused by the loss of dopamine neurons in the brain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremors, fasciculations, slow, shuffling gait, hypokinesia, dysphasia, and dysphagia is Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to the hallmark symptoms of the disease, including tremor, slowed movement, and difficulty with speech and swallowing. Psychological symptoms such as dementia and emotional problems can also manifest in patients with Parkinson's disease.