Final answer:
The exception to establishing a policy committee in the U.S. Congress relates to term limits and roles of committee chairs, who cannot serve in that role beyond six years and are restricted in holding simultaneous leadership positions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The exception to establishing a policy committee pertains to the limitation of powers of committee chairs. While committee chairs have significant control over their committees, including the budget and scheduling, they are subject to certain rules. For example, in the House, chairs cannot serve more than six consecutive years and cannot hold the position of chair of a subcommittee simultaneously. In the Senate, a chair may serve only six years in that role but may also serve as a chair or ranking member of another committee in some instances.
There are four main types of committees: standing committees, joint committees, conference committees, and ad hoc, special, or select committees. Standing committees conduct the initial review of proposed bills and have substantial influence over their advancement. Joint committees, by contrast, function without bill-referral authority to examine specific issues. Conference committees reconcile differences between House and Senate bill versions, while select committees are temporary and address specific subjects. The various committees enable legislators to specialize in certain policy areas, delegate decision-making, assume leadership roles, and further party policy objectives.