Final answer:
To calculate the concentrations of all species at equilibrium, construct a table showing the known and calculated values. Use the balanced chemical equation to fill in the initial concentrations, changes in concentrations, and equilibrium concentrations for each species. Repeat this process for each case provided.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the concentrations of all species at equilibrium, we need to construct a table showing the known and calculated values. We start by writing the balanced chemical equation at the top of the table. Then, we fill in the initial concentrations, the changes in concentrations, and finally, the equilibrium concentrations. Let's go through the examples:
A) 2A⇌B+C
Initial Concentrations: [A] = x M, [B] = 0 M, [C] = 0 M
Changes: -2x, +x, +x
Equilibrium Concentrations: [A] = x M, [B] = x M, [C] = x M
B) 3X+2Y⇌Z
Initial Concentrations: [X] = x M, [Y] = y M, [Z] = 0 M
Changes: -3x, -2y, +x
Equilibrium Concentrations: [X] = x - 3x M, [Y] = y - 2y M, [Z] = x M
C) P+Q⇌2R+S
Initial Concentrations: [P] = p M, [Q] = q M, [R] = 0 M, [S] = 0 M
Changes: -p, -q, +2p, +q
Equilibrium Concentrations: [P] = p - p M, [Q] = q - q M, [R] = 2p M, [S] = q M
D) 2M+N⇌3O
Initial Concentrations: [M] = m M, [N] = n M, [O] = 0 M
Changes: -2m, -n, +3m
Equilibrium Concentrations: [M] = m - 2m M, [N] = n - n M, [O] = 3m M