Final answer:
Ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) exhibit resonance while water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3) do not. Resonance occurs when a molecule has more than one valid electron distribution possibility while keeping the atomic arrangement constant.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the molecules or ions listed, ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) exhibit resonance. Resonance is a phenomenon where more than one valid Lewis structure can be drawn for a molecule or ion. These structures, known as resonance forms, differ only in the distribution of valence electrons and not in the arrangement of atoms.
Ozone has three oxygen atoms, and the double bond between the oxygens can be placed between the first and second oxygen, or the second and third oxygen. This leads to two possible resonance structures for O3, indicating that ozone has resonance. In the case of carbon dioxide, the molecule can be represented with double bonds between carbon and each oxygen atom. However, moving one of the double bonds can lead to an alternative structure. Thus, CO2 also exhibits resonance.
Water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3) do not exhibit resonance. Water has a simple bent structure with two polar bonds and no alternate distribution of electrons is possible. Ammonia has a trigonal pyramidal structure with a lone pair on nitrogen, and similar to water, it does not have any alternative structures that meet the criteria for resonance.