Final answer:
A nurse should report a lump or mass in the breast, unusual nipple discharge, breast pain or tenderness, and sudden changes in breast size or shape to the provider when conducting a breast exam on a client with a family history of breast cancer, as these could be warning signs of cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
When conducting a breast examination, especially for a client with a family history of breast cancer, a nurse should report the following findings to the provider:
- A lump or mass in the breast: This may indicate breast cancer and is particularly concerning if found during a self-exam or clinical exam.
- Breast pain or tenderness: While often related to hormonal changes, persistent pain should be evaluated, especially if it's not synchronized with menstrual cycles.
- Nipple discharge: Especially if it is unusual in color or consistency, it may be a sign of breast cancer.
- Changes in breast size or shape: Sudden changes could be a symptom of cancer or other breast disorders.
These are considered warning signs of cancer, and it is critical for early detection and better outcomes. Monthly breast self-exams help women to become familiar with their bodies and more readily detect any abnormal changes, such as lumps or unusual discharge, as early as possible.