Final answer:
While the student's question misidentifies the section of U.S. Code as relating to constitutional law, the information provided does discuss key constitutional concepts such as the doctrine of implied powers and the supremacy clause which are crucial for understanding federal authority over state laws and actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
31 USC 1342 is a section of the United States Code that relates to federal financial management and budgeting. It specifically deals with limitations on voluntary services for the government during a gap in appropriations. While the question presented seems to misidentify the subject of discussion, the references given in the question pertain to different areas of constitutional law, such as the doctrine of implied powers, the supremacy clause, and various clauses of the Constitution.
One vital element of constitutional law is the concept of implied powers, which allows Congress to take actions necessary to fulfill its legislated duties, as per the "necessary and proper" clause at the end of Section 8, revealed in debates during the creation of the Bank of the United States and supported by the subsequent rulings.
The supremacy clause asserts that legitimate federal laws override state laws when conflicts arise, establishing the principle of national supremacy. This principle protects the authority of the federal government, explaining that the power to tax involves the potential to destroy if states were to tax federal properties or capabilities.