Final answer:
Anaphase II occurs during meiosis II and involves the separation of sister chromatids after a prior division that halved the chromosome number, while Anaphase occurs during mitosis, a process where the cell divides once, maintaining the original chromosome number.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between Anaphase II (meiosis) and Anaphase (mitosis) is that Anaphase II occurs during meiosis II, while Anaphase occurs during mitosis. During Anaphase II, sister chromatids that were previously duplicated separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell. This is similar to what occurs during Anaphase of mitosis. However, the major distinction is that Anaphase II follows a previous division in meiosis I where the homologous chromosome pairs were separated, leading to cells with a halved chromosome number. This is not the case in Anaphase of mitosis, where the cell divides once, maintaining the original chromosome number.
Meiosis II is more analogous to mitosis in terms of chromosome behavior during Anaphase, but the key aspect is the reduction of ploidy level that occurred in meiosis I, which is not a characteristic of mitosis.