Final answer:
When a PC sends a request to the DNS server, it is performing a DNS lookup to translate a domain name into an IP address. This is usually a standard query where the server retrieves the IP from its cache or performs a recursive search. DNS lookups are essential for internet browsing and network troubleshooting.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a PC sends a request to the DNS server, it initiates a process known as a DNS lookup. This is how a device translates a domain name, which is human-readable, into an IP address that computers use to identify each other on the network. For example, when you want to visit a website, your computer will send a DNS query to ask what IP address is associated with that domain name.
The type of query performed can vary, but typically it is a standard query where the DNS server will either return the IP address or perform a recursive search if it doesn't have the address cached. This recursive search involves the DNS server querying other DNS servers on the internet to retrieve the IP address for the client.
There are other types of DNS queries such as inverse queries and recursive queries specifically, but the most common is the standard query mentioned above. Understanding DNS queries is essential for troubleshooting network problems and is a fundamental concept in networking.