Final answer:
The types of cone cells in the human eye respond most vigorously to different wavelengths of light: S cones to blue, M cones to green, and L cones to red, enabling the perception of full color vision through trichromatic coding.
Step-by-step explanation:
One type of cone in the human eye responds most vigorously to blue light, another to green light, and still another to red light. This concept is known as trichromatic coding and it forms the basis of our color vision. Humans have three types of cone cells in their retinas, each type being maximally sensitive to a different wavelength of light. These cones are categorized as S cones for short wavelengths (blue light at around 420 nm), M cones for medium wavelengths (green light at around 530 nm), and L cones for long wavelengths (red light at around 560 nm). The trichromatic theory of color vision suggests that by combining the inputs from these three types of cones, our brains can perceive the full spectrum of colors.