Final answer:
RNA splicing is a process exclusive to eukaryotic cells and does not occur in prokaryotic cells. It is a post-transcriptional modification that involves removing introns from pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA, which requires spliceosomes absent in prokaryotes.
Step-by-step explanation:
In eukaryotic cells, the process that occurs uniquely and not in prokaryotic cells is C. RNA splicing. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and therefore do not undergo RNA splicing; their RNA is typically ready for translation immediately after transcription. RNA splicing is a form of post-transcriptional modification where non-coding sequences or introns are removed from the pre-mRNA, and exons are joined together to form a mature mRNA. This splicing is facilitated by the spliceosome, a complex set of enzymes that is absent in prokaryotic cells. While all cells carry out transcription, and the binding of RNA polymerase to the gene promoter occurs across domains, DNA replication is fundamentally similar in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with the main difference being the complexity and the number of polymerases involved in eukaryotes.